INTRODUCTION:

Immunization is frequently postponed if children are ill or malnourished. This is not acceptable in the light of present knowledge. In fact, it is particularly important to immunize children with malnutrition low grade fever, mild respiratory infections or diarrhea and other minor illnesses should not be considered as contraindications to immunization¹¹.

One important non-specific measure is community involvement in disease surveillance, disease control and public health activities. If community involvement is not an integral part of public health programs, they are unlikely to succeed. Laws regulations and policy measures alone will not bring the desired results ¹².

It is well worth considering some obstacles and new developments in the control of infectious diseases in developing countries.

Finally a major obstacle to disease control is human behavior. Medical technology is often ineffective in changing behavior in this regard, health education remains the only approach to enlist public co-operation and to include relevant changes in the behavior and life style of people^1,2.

S. Sing, A Benjamin, P Panda et al (2005) conducted a study on evaluation of pulse polio and routine immunization coverage in the urban and rural population of Ludhiana district, they got PPI coverage 93.41% in rural area and 83.91% in urban areas and main sources of getting information were the health worker¹⁰.

D M Satpathy et al (2009) conducted studies on Janani Surakhya Yojana and at birth immunization, they got ASHA and the grass root level workers were the motivator for the birth immunization⁶. From the above literature it was concluded that sufficient knowledge should be essential on immunization of the health personnel to motivate the community people.

OBJECTIVES:

- To devolve an information booklet

- To find out the existing knowledge of the 1^st year GNM students on immunization.

- To determine the effectiveness of the information booklet on immunization.

- To find out the association between the pretest knowledge level with socio-demographic variables.

- To find out the acceptability of information booklet in terms of mean by the GNM 1^st year students.

Hypothesis

The mean posttest knowledge scores of the students on immunization will be significantly higher than the mean pretest knowledge score.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research approach: Evaluative approach

Research Design: Pre-experimental one group pretest and posttest design

Setting

Sum Nursing School, Bhubaneswar

Sample

GNM 1^st year students of Sum Nursing School, Bhubaneswar

Sample size – 30 GNM 1^st year students

Sampling technique – non probability convenient sampling technique.

Inclusion criteria, 1^st year GNM students

- Belong to 1^st year GNM

- Present on the day of data collection

- Willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria, 1^st year GNM students

- Not willing to participate in the study

- Absent at the time of data collection

Variables

Independent Variables

- Information Booklet

Dependent Variables

- Knowledge of GNM 1^st year student on immunization.

Tools

Self structure close ended questionnaire used to assess the knowledge. It consists of two sections

Section –I: it consists of four items related to sociodemographic data of GNM 1^st year students.

Section-II: self structured knowledge questionnaire related to information booklet.

It consists of 30 items pertaining to the knowledge of GNM 1^st year students regarding immunization. Each items has four options out of which one is most appropriate answer.

A score of one (1) was assigned to a correct response and zero (0) to wrong answer. The maximum obtained score was good knowledge 66% above, average knowledge 33%-66% and poor knowledge ≤ 33%.

Information booklet

The contents of the booklet are as follows;^1-5

- Introduction

- Vaccine preventable disease

- Contraindication to vaccine

- Administration summary

- National immunization schedule

- Cold chain

- Cold chain equipment

- Do’s and do not’s

- Nurses responsibility

- Conclusion ^1-5

Validity and reliability

For the content validity tool it was given to five experts from pediatric and community specialties of nursing.

Reliability of the tool was found 0.78 by using the spearman’s brown formula.

Ethical consideration

- Written permission was obtained from the Principal of SUM Nursing School

- Prior informed consent was obtained from GNM 1^st year students under study

- Explain about the purpose of the study.

- Confidentiality to be ensured

Period of data collection

- The data was collected from 01.12.13 – 15.12.13

Data collection procedure

Pretest:

Pretest was conducted for the GNM 1^st year by using self structured close ended knowledge questionnaire on immunization. The time taken by them to till the questionnaire was approximately 30 minutes.

Administration of information booklet

Information booklet was administered on the same day with the following instructions

- Keep the information booklet with them for 7days

- Read the information booklet thoroughly

- Come for the posttest on the 8^th day

Posttest:

Evaluation was done by conducting posttest after 7days of administration. The data collection procedure was terminated by taking the subjects.

Gathering opinionnaire on information booklet

The opinionnaire was administrated on day 8^th after the pretest, all subject was requested to fill up the opinionnaire with 10 number of items.

RESULT:

Section-I: majority of the 1^st year GNM students 22 (73.33%) were within the age of 17-21 year of 7 age (23.33%) were within 22-26 years of age and one (3.33%) was within 32-36 years of age. With regards to general qualification of the study sample 12 (40%) were +2 Arts, 9(30%) were +2 Science, 8(26.66%) were in +3 Arts and 1 (3.33%) of the study sample was +3 Science. With regards to religion 28 (93.33%) sample were hindu and two (6.66%) were belongs to other religions.

Section-II:

Table-I Existing level of knowledge of students on immunization

n=30

Level of Knowledge	Frequency	%
Poor: ≥33%	4	13.3
Average: 33-66%	23	76.6
Good: ≤66%	3	10
Total	30	100%

Table 1 shows that majority of respondent 23 (76.6%) had average level knowledge 4(13.3%) had good level knowledge and 3(10%) had poor level of knowledge on immunization

Table-II Evaluation of effectiveness of information booklet on immunization by using ‘t’ test.

n=30

Types of test	Mean	SD	Mean%
Pretest	14.8	4.25	49.33
Posttest	19.23	3.79	64.1

Table II continued

Types of test

Dif. In Mean

Dif in Mean %

T value

P Value

Level of significant

Pretest

Posttest

4.43

14.77

6.834

<0.0001

Extremely Significant

Table –II depict that overall comparison of knowledge score of mean, standard deviation and mean% of pretest and posttest were 14.8(±4.25) (43.33%) and 19.23 (±3.79) (64.1%) respectively. Difference in mean and mean % of posttest to pretest was 4.43 and 14.77 respectively.

The computed ‘T’ value (6.834) for knowledge score on immunization was extremely statistically significant at p(<0.0001), showed that the posttest score was significantly increase and the information booklet on immunization was very effective among the GNM 1^st year students.

There was no significant association between pretest knowledge score with sociographic variables. Acceptability of information booklet in terms of mean.

Table-III

Category of acceptability	Mean
To great extent	24
To some extent	6
Not at all	0

Table -3: The mean of acceptability of information booklet “to great extend was” 24 (80%) to some extent was 6(20%)

DISCUSSION:

Statistically significant difference was found between the overall knowledge scores of pretest and posttest.

This study was supped by Mamata Jena (3/I(II) 25-30, Jan-2014 ) who reported that information booklet is helped increasing the knowledge on practicing about prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children, the mean pretest score was 11.54±2.19 and posttest score was 19.94±2.11 which was highly significant⁹.

CONCLUSION:

One group pre and posttest without control group, evaluate approach was used to collect data. The collected data was analyzed and the findings showed that a highly significance difference revealing that information booklet was effective for the students.

REFERENCE:

1. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Facilitations guide immunization handbook for health workers. Dept. of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India, New Delhi. 2006.

2. Park K. Park’s text book of preventive and social medicine. Banarasi Das Bhanot, Nagpur. 2013.

3. Datta Parul. Pediatric Nursing. Jaypee Brothers medical publication, New Delhi. 2010.

4. Sandeep Sachdeva, Utsuk Datta, Sandeep. Safe disposal practice in urban dispensaries. Indian journal of community medicine. 35(2); 2010: 365-366

5. K. Punith, K. Lalitha, G Suman, BS Pradeep, K Jayanth Kumar. Evaluation of primary immunization coverage of infants under universal immunization programme. Indian journal of community medicaine. 33(3); 2008: 151-155.

6. DM Satapathy, D Shobha Malini, TR Behera, SSS Reddy, RM Tripathy. Janani Surakhya yojana and “at birth” immunization: a study in a tertiary level health centre. Indian journal of community medicine. 34(4); 2009: 351-353

7. Bhakta R Giri, Pem Namgyal, KPT Shering, KP Sharma, Tandin Dorji, Chewang Tamang. Mass measles rubella immunization campaign: Bhutan experience. Indian journal of community medicine. 36(2); 2011:109-113.

8. VS Salhotra, AK Sharma. A study of universal immunization coverage during last five years in resettlement colonies of Delhi. Indian Journal of community Medicine. 24(3); 1999: 120-123.

9. Jena Mamta. Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge and Practice about Prevention of Pneumonia among Mothers of Under Five Children. IOSR-JNHS. 3 (1)(II); 2014: 25-30.

10. S. Singh, A. Benjamin, P. Panda et.al. Evaluation of Pulse Polio and Routine Immunization Coverage in the Urban and Rural Population of Ludhiana District. Indian Journal of community medicine. 30(3); 2005:97.

11. Glazka, A.M. et.al. Bull WHO. 62 (3); 1984: 357.

12. Techn, Res. Ser, No 682. WHO. 1982.

Received on 03.09.2014 Modified on 17.09.2013

Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research 5(1): Jan.-March 2015; Page 64-66

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2015.00014.2

Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Immunization among GNM 1st Year Students in a Selected Nursing School at Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Immunization among GNM 1^st Year Students in a Selected Nursing School at Bhubaneswar, Odisha